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聽(tīng)老外“神吐槽” : 中文學習想說愛(ài)你(nǐ)也容易
聯合國教科文組織發布過一個(gè)排名,全世界最難學的語言就是中文,其次是希臘語,再是阿拉伯語。作(zuò)為(wèi)母語是中文的人(rén)是很(hěn)難了解中文學習者的艱辛的。因此我們針對這一問題采訪了一些(xiē)在優信譯培學習中文的外國人(rén)。外國人(rén)學習中文的難點到底在哪裏?說中文難,到底難在哪裏?讓我們一起來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他們的“神吐槽”吧(ba)!
Liza Marchenco Country: Ukrain Native Language: Russian
姓名:Liza Marchenco 國家(jiā):烏克蘭母語:俄語
Lisa吐槽漢語:
1、For me studying Chinese is not so easy as other foreign languages because one word could have a lot of meanings and sometime people can't understand what exactly you want to say.
2、Also each region has they own dialect, so even Chinese people can't understand each other
3、The most difficult is tones, 4 different tones, if you say something in different tone - people won't understand you. In Russian language you could say one word in 10 tones and everybody will understand what you mean.
4、And another world is world of characters… I don't know how much time you should spend to learn all the characters, probably all your life. And I don't understand why people make their language so difficult if they could write pinyin, they could write normal Latin, as other countries…
So generally speaking, I should say, if you decided to learn Chinese, I wish you big patience!
鄒老師(shī)評價:
俄語裏面沒有(yǒu)爆破音(yīn)的概念,隻有(yǒu)清音(yīn)和(hé)濁音(yīn)。特别是在發爆破音(yīn)'t','p'的時(shí)候, 非常容易錯念成'd','b'。除此之外,中文四調更是普遍的問題:比如在說“他的車(chē)破了”這樣的句子的時(shí)候,中國人(rén)每每聽(tīng)到都是“大(dà)的車(chē)波了” “我的秀機波了”。 雖然這種由于母語習慣造成的發音(yīn)缺陷在短(duǎn)期內(nèi)比較難改變,但(dàn)是可(kě)以通(tōng)過長時(shí)間(jiān)的練習達到一定的效果。最直接的方法是在課堂上(shàng)跟着老師(shī)念,多(duō)說多(duō)練。
Lukas Baier Country: Germany Native Language: German/Portugese
姓名:Lukas Baier 國家(jiā):德國母語:德語/葡萄牙語
Lukas的吐槽:
1、One of the biggest issues for me with Chinese is daily life conversation. Generally I don't understand anything people talk about if they are speaking among their friends. It is much different however when I am alone with a Chinese person. Especially when I am talking in Chinese with one friend, it's much easier for me to understand and to be understood.
2、Learning new characters is a big issue for me, too. I feel like I am trying to memorize a picture, cause every character is different. People keep telling me that learning the radicals will make it easier…I haven't reached that level yet.
3、Stroke orders really mess me up! I tried for a really long time to learn stroke orders, but I still make mistakes or use the wrong order.
鄒老師(shī)評價:
1、對于第一個(gè)問題,中國人(rén)在日常對話(huà)中多(duō)少(shǎo)會(huì)帶有(yǒu)一些(xiē)自己的語言習慣,盡簡盡快,來(lái)自不同地區(qū)的人(rén)還(hái)可(kě)能會(huì)夾雜一些(xiē)方言和(hé)俚語;所以和(hé)一群中國朋友(yǒu)交談時(shí),外國人(rén)通(tōng)常會(huì)對自己不熟悉的話(huà)題用語感到陌生(shēng),甚至有(yǒu)種被“排斥”的感覺。但(dàn)是當他們單獨與中國人(rén)對話(huà)時(shí),為(wèi)了易于外國人(rén)理(lǐ)解,中國人(rén)會(huì)根據對方的漢語熟練程度調整自己的語言習慣,盡詳盡慢,擯棄生(shēng)僻字詞以及一些(xiē)流行(xíng)語。這種對話(huà)模式比較貼近漢語教學中的課程對話(huà)。
解決辦法:可(kě)以借鑒中國人(rén)看美劇(jù)的方式,通(tōng)過文化理(lǐ)解對話(huà)的方式以及日常的語用場(chǎng)景,并嘗試看有(yǒu)中文字幕的電(diàn)影(yǐng)。
2、因為(wèi)中文中的許多(duō)漢字都是象形字,所以把漢字看成圖像會(huì)是很(hěn)好的學習方法。比如,在低(dī)年級漢語教學過程中,“大(dà)”字的教學,為(wèi)了加深學生(shēng)對這個(gè)漢字的印象,我會(huì)展開(kāi)雙手雙腳,給學生(shēng)直觀的感覺:“大(dà)”就像一個(gè)雙手伸平,雙腳岔開(kāi)的人(rén)。另外,部首學習法對于一些(xiē)漢字基礎不夠好的外國學生(shēng)來(lái)說依然是個(gè)難題,因為(wèi)他們很(hěn)難理(lǐ)解一些(xiē)部首的意思。就像英語單詞的前綴後綴一樣,部首也有(yǒu)特定的意義:例如“氵”部,往往包含于與水(shuǐ)相關的漢字,如“江”、“湖(hú)”、“海”。
解決方法:可(kě)以參考新華字典,有(yǒu)規律地學習一些(xiē)部首;了解部首的意義之後,再将相關漢字歸類并帶入語境中反複練習,最終達到熟練運用的學習效果。
3、幾乎所有(yǒu)外國學生(shēng)在學寫漢字的時(shí)候基本都會(huì)遇到筆畫(huà)順序的問題;哪怕是中國人(rén)自己也不能保證筆畫(huà)順序完全正确。當然,筆畫(huà)順序不會(huì)影(yǐng)響漢字的形成,但(dàn)是糾正一些(xiē)不良的書(shū)寫習慣将有(yǒu)助于熟練掌握漢字。漢字的書(shū)寫有(yǒu)基本的規則,如右圖:
解決辦法:臨摹課本以及老師(shī)上(shàng)課書(shū)寫漢字的順序。
Khadija Torbay country: Ghana Native Language: English
姓名:Khadija Torbay 國家(jiā):加納母語:英語
Khadija 吐槽漢語:
1、The Chinese dialects are so many. What we learn in class is sometimes quite different from what the Chinese people speak in your area of living. This makes it quite difficult to communicate with the local people and pick up the language faster.
2、The tones are very confusing. This makes the Chinese speaking very difficult. I personally have difficulty in pronouncing the 1st and 2nd tone.
3、The Chinese characters are so many and this is what makes it more difficult than English because English has only 26 alphabets and Chinese has over 40,000 characters. Learning the characters needs a lot of practice and time and even with this, trying to grasp and recollect the complicated characters is not easy. “
鄒老師(shī)評價:
1、針對第一個(gè)問題,衆所周知,中國地域廣闊,地區(qū)間(jiān)有(yǒu)各種方言土語;來(lái)自不同地區(qū)的中國人(rén)在說話(huà)時(shí)不僅會(huì)帶有(yǒu)方言尾音(yīn),語音(yīn)和(hé)語速也會(huì)有(yǒu)所區(qū)别。漢語課程中,由于老師(shī)教學的語速是正常的,發音(yīn)是标準的普通(tōng)話(huà),所以當外國學生(shēng)走出課堂,他們會(huì)對實際交流中的漢語對話(huà)感到困擾。例如在教學過程中,曾經有(yǒu)一個(gè)學生(shēng)問我,為(wèi)什麽中國人(rén)總是喜歡說”nigga“(美國俚語”黑(hēi)人(rén)“的意思),這樣的稱呼讓他覺得(de)很(hěn)粗魯。後來(lái)我發現他們所聽(tīng)到的是”nigga“其實是”那(nà)個(gè)“(當語速過快時(shí)容易聽(tīng)成”nigga“)。
解決方法:多(duō)融入實際的漢語語境,多(duō)聽(tīng)多(duō)說。
2、對于第二個(gè)問題,外國學生(shēng)說漢語容易”洋腔洋調“,這往往是因為(wèi)母語的”負遷移“問題造成的。四聲中最難掌握的是陽平(陽聲)和(hé)上(shàng)聲(三聲),而他們通(tōng)常會(huì)誤讀為(wèi)陰平(一聲)或者去聲(四聲)。
解決辦法:請(qǐng)專業漢語教師(shī)幫助糾正發音(yīn)部位和(hé)發音(yīn)方法,并多(duō)加練習。
3、雖然漢字很(hěn)多(duō),記憶起來(lái)有(yǒu)一定難度,但(dàn)是大(dà)部分的漢字是有(yǒu)偏旁部首可(kě)以歸類成組的。因此在學習漢字過程中,多(duō)積累一些(xiē)偏旁部首會(huì)有(yǒu)助于學習書(shū)寫。
解決辦法:可(kě)以試着結合有(yǒu)西方文化背景的中文有(yǒu)西方文化背景的課文學習漢字,并且不斷聽(tīng)寫、抄寫加以熟記。